Day 3 classwork

Page 160-165 notes

• Rome's increasing wealth and expanding boundaries brought many problems
• As Rome grew, the gap between rich and poor grew wider
• thousands of enslaved persons were forced to work on estates
• 100 BC enslaved persons formed 1/3 of the populations
• small farmers sold there farms to wealthier farmers and then became homeless
• Tiberius and Gaius attempted to help Rome's poor
• They proposed such reforms as limiting the size of estates and giving land to the poor
• Tiberius died in 133 bc due to a civil war, and Gaius died the same way in 121 bc
• As the republic grew more unstable, generals began seizing greater power for themselves
• In 60 bc military leader named Julius Caesar joined forces with Crassus and Pompey
• Julius was elected consul in 59 bc
• 58-50 bc Julius led his armies to conquer all of Gaul
• in 50 bc the senate, at Pompey's urgings, ordered Julius to disband his legions and return home
• Caesar's troops defeated Pompey's armies in Greece, Asia, Spain, and Egypt
• Julius helped the poor by creating jobs for them, created colonies, and increased pay for soldiers
• Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius stabbed Julius to death on March 15, 44 BC (senate chamber)
• Julius' grandnephew, adopted son Octavion joined forces with Mark Antony and Lepidus to control Rome for ten years
• They all later fell apart
• Octavion defeated Antony and Cleopatra combined forces in 31 BC; They both then committed Suicide
• Octavion took control of Rome
• Augustus stabilized the frontier, glorified Rome with splendid public buildings, and created a system of government that survived for centuries
• Set up a civil service that paid workers to manage the affairs of the government, such as the grain supply, tax collection, and the postal system
• Augustus died in AD 14
• about 90 percent of the people were engaged in farming
• silver coin called denarius
• Emphasized the virtues of discipline, strength, and loyalty
• Slaves were a huge thing in Rome
• Slaves were property of their owners
• Worshipped powerful spirits or divine forces, called numina
• Most important gods were Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva
• Government provided free games, races, mock battles, and gladiator battles for the poor

Terms+ questions:

• civil war- conflict between groups within the same country
• Julius Caesar-Military leader who joined forces with Crassus and Pompey. He was elected consul in 59 BC
• Triumvirate-In Ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government
• Augustus-"Octavian" was the unchallenged ruler of Rome. "Exalted one"
• Pax Romana-A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 BC to AD 180

1. The Empire was far too vast 
   The Catholic religion split, causing conflict 
   Constant hammering of Germans and nomads 
   Losing money because of raids
2. Augustus was a very capable ruler and he set up an efficient government with paid civil servants
3. The government provided free games, races, mock battles, and gladiator contest

Day 2 classwork

• Republic- form of government in which power rest with the citizens who have the right to vote for there leaders
• Patrician- Wealthy landowners who held most of the power
• plebeian- the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population
• tribune- In ancient Rome, an official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights
• consul- one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government
• senate- the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats
• dictator- a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time
• legion- military unit of the ancient Rome army, made up of about 50,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback
• Punic Wars- series of three wars between Rome and Carthage; resulted in the destruction of Cathage and Romes dominance over the western mediterranean
• Hannibal- Was a brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge Carthage's earlier defeat

Questions 

3.They could only serve for one year, the same person could not be elected for ten years, and one consul could always overrule the others decision.

4. To ensure that all free citizens had protection under the law, all laws were carved on twelve tablets and hung in a forum.

5. Instead of a head on attack, he used a surprise attack  

Day 1 classwork

Main ideas:

1. Rome began as a republic, a government in which elected officials represent the people. Eventually, absolute rulers called emperors seized power and expanded the empire
2. At its height, the Roman empire touched three continents, Europe, Asia, and Africa. for several centuries, Rome brought peace and prosperity to its empire before its eventual collapse
3. out of Judea rose a monotheistic, or single-god, religion known as Christianity. Based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, it soon spread throughout Rome and beyond

Rome timeline:

• 509 BC- Rome becomes a republic
• 264 BC- first Punic war begins
• 218 BC- in the 2nd Punic war, Hannibal invaded Italy
• 31 BC- Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra
• ad 284- Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome
• ad 476- western roman empire falls

Page 155-159 notes

• City of Rome was founded in753 BC by Romulus and Remus
• Twins were abandoned on the Tiber river as infants and raised by a she-wolf
• Rome was built on seven rolling hills at a curve on the Tiber river, near the center of the Italian peninsula
• located near the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea
• The Latins, Greeks, and the Etruscans battle for control over the Italian peninsula
• the Latins built the original settlements at Rome
• Greeks established colonies along southern Italy and Sicily
• The Etruscans were skilled metal workers and engineers 
• The last king of Rome was Tarquin the Proud
• Republic- Latin phrase res publica meaning public affairs
• citizenship was only granted to free-born males
• plebeians were citizens of Rome who could vote
• in 451 BC a group of ten officials began writing Rome laws on twelve tablets
• assemblies represented the more democratic side of the government
• dictators power only lasted for 6 months
• legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men, each of which was called a century
• fighting skills and military organization were key factors to Rome’s rise to greatness
• romans dominated central Italy
• Rome did not interfere with its allies as long as they didn’t sign peace treaties with others and supplied Roman army
• Merchants traded roman wine and olive oil
• 264 BC Rome went to war with carthage (fought 3 wars)
• Scipio devised a plan to attack carthage
• 202 BC romans defeated Hannibal

Mr. Schicks Rap

Well, you got the Etruscans and the Greeks

But the Latins came first

To the shores of the River Tiber

They drained a swamp

Next thing you know

Livin’ in Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

Now Tarquin’s kinda proud

But he got a little loud

They turned around and ran that tyrant outta town

Next thing you know

No kings no more

Happened in Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

 

Hey, we got three governments rolled into one

Patricians and plebeians havin’ some fun

Two consuls gotta be better than one

Brand new republic ready to run

Democracy

Aristocracy

Plus monarchy

Not a tyranny

Ho-o-o-old up, wait a minute, do I see what I think I… hey!

That’s a Roman legion clear as day

5000 soldiers (not in it for pay)

Group of eighty’s a century

On horseback is the cavalry

Shield, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic

Fightin ’gainst Carthage in wars that are Punic

Hannibal riding on elephant back

Crossing the Alps just to launch his attack

So now you get the picture

All the rich are getting richer

And they’re livin’ on the latifundia

Farmers can’t cope

They’re low on hope

They moved to Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

I can hear the brothers Gracchus

Sayin, “Rich, please don’t attack us!”

“We got a feeling that the senators will whack us”

They hit the floor

Next thing you know

It’s civil war, war, war, war, war, war, war, war

Hey, let me take you back to 60 BC

It’s the start of the rise of Julius C

He grabbed two dudes and he formed a team

It’s a triumvirate -- that’s a group of three

“Crassus (come on), Pompey (come on), I’m JC! (come on)

We three will rule!

What you think I'm playin, baby girl?  I'm the man!

I'm conquering Gaul!”

All of his soldiers gave him their devotion

That’s why he swept over Gaul just like an ocean

Pompey couldn’t understand all the commotion

When he crossed the Rubicon, he kept up motion

It’s just like a potion

Caesar had self-locomotion

Power’s an ambitious emotion

Dictator is not a demotion

It’s a promotion

But in 44 BC

On a day called March 15 (Ides of March)

Brutus and the Senate murdered Julius C

He hit the floor

Next thing you know

Caesar’s no more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more

You know he’s so depressed

23 stab wounds in his chest

He saw his friend and he raised one last protest

“Et tu, Brute?” (Et tu, Brute?)

That’s what he say

Cuz he felt low, low, low, low, low, low, low, low

 

Only eighteen, Octavian makin’ the scene

He says, “I tell you what,

Got a new triumvirate

Here’s my boy Lepidus

And Mark Antony I trust”

(‘Til Marky met this chick

Cleopatra from Egypt)

Octavian was freakin’

Lust for power started peakin’

“Don’t try to play me or my navy,

At Actium you won’t slay me”

“O” won that game

Did explain

Now Augustus was his name

All his subjects did proclaim

He’s in the Roman Hall of Fame

Twenty-seven BC

For a couple hundred years (207)

Pax Romana is the word that brings the cheers

They’re on a roll

They built some roads

Leading to Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

Slaves don’t have many rights and

Then there’s gladiator fightin’ (Ow!)

People find the Circus Maximus excitin’

Blood on the floor (knee-deep in gore)

And now you know

All about Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

(C'mon!)

This is Mr.Schicks rap about our new unit that were learning which is Rome